Leadership Training and Development
by Donald Clark
Contents
Leadership
Training and Development and
Certificate
of Proficiency in English Learning Guide, IELTS
7.5
Managers
are people who do things right, while leaders are people who
do the right thing. - Warren Bennis, Ph.D. "On Becoming a
Leader"
Rationale
CPE
is Cambridge ESOL's most advanced exam. It is aimed at people
who use English for professional or study purposes.
Is CPE for you?
Can you...
- use English to advise on, or talk about complex or sensitive issues?
- understand the finer points of documents, correspondence and reports?
If this describes your skills now, or describes the level of skills you are working towards, then CPE is the right exam for you.
What will CPE do for you?
Cambridge ESOL is a department of the world-famous and historic University of Cambridge. Attaining one of its certificates is an achievement and a reward in itself. However, there are many other benefits to taking CPE:
- a CPE certificate is valid for life, you never need to take the exam again
- CPE is truly international, recognised around the world for business and study purposes
- hundreds of employers, universities and government departments officially recognise CPE as proof of proficiency in English
- CPE's 'Can Do' skills give you the confidence to use English in real situations.
What will taking CPE help you do?
CPE is at Level C2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) — an internationally recognised benchmark of language ability. The framework uses six levels to describe language ability from A1 to C2. 'Can Do' statements have been used to describe these levels in terms of real skills with language.
For example, at C2 level, typical users can be expected to:
- understand with ease virtually everything they hear and read
- make accurate and complete notes during a presentation
- understand colloquial asides
- talk about complex and sensitive issues without awkwardness
- express themselves precisely and fluently
Your preparation for CPE will give you these kinds of practical language skills.
What does CPE involve?
CPE has five papers:
Reading 1 hour 30 minutes
You will need to be able to understand the meaning of written
English at word, sentence, paragraph and whole text level.
Writing 2 hours
You will have to show you can produce a number of different
items such as a short story, a letter, an article, a report
or a composition, each of about 300—350 words.
Use
of English 1 hour 30 minutes
Your use of English will be tested by tasks which show how
well you can control your grammar and vocabulary and how well
you can summarise information.
Listening:
45 minutes
You need to show you can understand the meaning of a range
of spoken material, including lectures, news programmes and
public announcements.
Speaking:
19 minutes
You will take the Speaking test with another candidate or
in groups of three, and you will be tested on your ability
to take part in different types of interaction: with the examiner,
with the other candidates and by yourself.
As with all of Cambridge ESOL's certificates, there is a lot of support to help you prepare for your exam.
Most candidates prefer to take the preparation courses run by language schools and universities.
You can access a variety of support materials from the Resources area of our website. This includes a short booklet, Information for Candidates, and sample exam papers, which includes sound files for the Listening test materials.
Many publishers have produced a wide choice of books and other aids to help you prepare for taking CPE. Ask your local bookshop for details.
To help you prepare for CPE, we provide teachers with their own website so they can download sample exam papers, handbooks, and other teaching support material.
Supporting you
As with all of Cambridge ESOL's certificates, there is a lot of support to help you prepare for your exam.
Most candidates prefer to take the preparation courses run by language schools and universities.
You can access a variety of support materials from the Resources area of Cambridge website. This includes a short booklet, Information for Candidates, and sample exam papers, which includes sound files for the Listening test materials.
Many publishers have produced a wide choice of to help you prepare for taking CPE. Ask your local bookshop for details.
To help you prepare for CPE, we provide teachers with their own website so they can download sample exam papers, handbooks, and other teaching support material.
International English Language Testing System' ( IELTS , pronounced /'aijelts/ ) is a test of English language proficiency. It is jointly managed by University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, British Council and IDP Education Australia . Candidates may choose either the Academic Module or the General Training Module:
The Academic Module is intended for those who wish to enrol in universities and other institutions of higher education . The General Training Module is intended for those planning to undertake non-academic training or to gain work experience, or for immigration purposes. IELTS is accepted by most Australian, British, Canadian, Irish, New Zealand and South African academic institutions, by an increasing number of academic institutions in the USA, and by various professional organizations. It is also a requirement for migration to Australia and Canada.
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Individual Exams
For further details, click on Exam English Logos
These five exams are also known as the "Main Suite":
KET (Key English Test): elementary, IELTS 3.0
The test has three sections:
- Reading & Writing - 70 minutes
- Listening - 25 minutes
- Speaking - 8-10 minutes
- Vocabulary Test
- Grammar
Test
PET (Preliminary English Test): intermediate, IELTS 4.0
The test has three sections:
- Reading and Writing - 90 minutes
- Listening - 30 minutes
- Speaking - an interview, 10 minutes
- Reading Test
- Writing part 1
- Writing part 3
FCE (First Certificate in English): upper intermediate, IELTS 5.5
The test has five sections:
- Reading - 75 minutes- free practice test! New
- Writing - 2 essays, 90 minutes - free practice test
- Use of English - 90 minutes - free practice test
- Listening - 40 minutes - free listening practice test
- Speaking - interview, normally with another candidate, 15 minute
CAE (Certificate in Advanced English): advanced, IELTS 6.5
The test has five sections:
- Reading - 75 minutes
- Writing - 2 or 3 tasks , 120 minutes
- English in Use - 6 tasks with 80 questions - 90 minutes - free Use of English tests
- Listening - 45 minutes - Click here for a free listening practice test
- Speaking - interview, normally with another candidate, 15 minutes
CPE (Certificate of Proficiency in English): very advanced, IELTS 7.5
The test has five sections:
- Reading - 60 minutes
- Composition - 2 tasks, 2 hours
- Use of English - 90 minutes
- Listening - 3 or 4 recordings, 40 minutes
- Interview - normally with another candidate, 15 minutes
- Grammar Test
- Vocabulary Test
- Dictionary Test
In organizational development, Leadership Development is the strategic investment in, and utilization of, the human capital within the organization.
David Day (2000) distinguished between leader versus leadership development.
Leader development focuses on the development of the leader, such as the personal attributes desired in a leader, desired ways of behaving, ways of thinking or feeling.
In contrast, leadership development focuses on the development of leadership as a process. This will include the interpersonal relationships, social influence process, and the team dynamics between the leader and his/her team at the dyad level, the contextual factors surrounding the team such as the perception of the organizational climate and the social network linkages between the team and other groups in the organization.
Both forms of development may mutually influence each other, as exemplified in the concept of "Deep Change" in Robert E. Quinn's 1996 book of the same title.
Typically, leader development has focused on 3 main areas - providing the opportunities for development, stimulating the ability to develop (including motivation, skills and knowledge for change), and providing a supportive context for change to occur (see Cynthia D. McCauley, 2001). Leadership development can build on the development of individuals (including followers) to become leaders. In addition, it also needs to focus on the interpersonal linkages between the individuals in the team. In the belief that the most important resource that an organization possesses is the people that comprise the organization, some organizations address the development of these resources (even including the leadership). Leadership development can encompass any number of developmental processes including:
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Teaching and Learning Resources
- ESL Teacher Resources
- Activities for teachers
- Learning Environment
- Learning Contents
- Teaching Strategies
Reading
The Reading Skills paper assesses the ability of the candidates to read and understand texts taken from a wide range of sources, including fiction and non-fiction books, journals, newspapers and magazines. They are expected to understand the meaning of written English at word, phrase, sentence, paragraph and whole text level. It includes understanding of text content, organisation and structure, and the development of ideas, opinions and attitudes.
Literature Comprehension
- Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne
- Children of the New Forest by Captain Marryat
- Gullivers Travels by Jonathon Swift
- Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson
- The Hound of the Baskervilles by Alexander Conan Doyle
- The Railway Children by E. Nesbit
- The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett
- The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame
- Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson
- White Fang by Jack London
Writing
The Writing paper assesses the ability to write non-specialised texts types such as letters, articles, reports and reviews for a given purpose and target reader, covering a wide range of topics. The paper also includes questions on set texts. Responses are of 300-350 words in length.
Tutorials
Readings
Essay
Writing Samples
A selection of tips on writing essays
including a number of sample essays.
Letter
Writing
Help with formal and business letter writing. A summary
of writing rules including outlines for cover letters and
letters of enquiry, and abbreviations used in letters.
Writing
Bibliographies
A description of how to write a bibliography, including
examples, a quiz and links to forum discussions on the subject.
Citations
Links to online resources that will help you give references
to works that you cite when writing.
Language
Tips
A selection of short tips on various aspects of the English
language, with examples
Speaking
The Speaking Test assesses the ability to interact in conversational English in a range of contexts. The paper contains three parts, which take the form of an interview section, a collaborative task and individual long turns with follow-up discussion. Candidates are provided with picture and written stimulus and they normally take the Speaking Test in pairs.
Tutorials
Readings
The
Forum
South Africa’s Max Du Preez goes in search of new
ancestral
heroes, psychologist Susan Blackmore argues that our idea
of free will is an illusion, and electronic artist Rafael
Lozano
Hemmerexplains
his vision of art and public space.
Use of English
In the Use of English paper, candidates are expected to demonstrate their knowledge and control of the language system by completing various tasks at word, sentence and text level. These include gap-filling and word formation exercises, comprehension questions and a summary writing task.
Tutorials
Readings
Listening
The Listening paper assesses the ability to listen to and understand texts taken from a variety of text types including interviews, discussions, lectures and conversations. It tests the ability to understand the meaning of spoken English, to extract information from a spoken text and to understand speakers' attitudes and opinions.
Tutorials
- Talk about English audio 5.1 MB
- 6 Minute English audio 2.8 MB
- Ask about English audio 1.4 MB
- The Flatmates audio 960 K
- News about Britain audio 886 K
Readings
Overview of Leadership
Terminal Learning Objective - At the end of the training period, the supervisor candidate will be able to lead a department team composed of about 7 to 20 members.
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I. Concepts of Leadership
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II. Human Behavior
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III. Leading
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IV. Direction
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V. Communication
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VI. Motivation
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VII. Character
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VIII. Leadership Styles
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IX. Teamwork - Part 1
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X. Special Teams - Part 2
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XI. Diversity
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XII. Time Management
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XIII. Change
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XIV. Meetings
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XV. Organisational Behaviour
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XVI. Presentations
WorkshopTemplates
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XVII. Performance
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After Action Review (AAR)
Conduct an AAR for the leadership class. This exercise has a twofold purpose, to provide feedback for the class, and to instruct the use of an effective feedback tool. |
Essential Texts
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Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English 5 Student's Book with Answers
Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English 5 contains four complete tests for the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE) examination from University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations (Cambridge ESOL). These past examination papers provide the most authentic exam preparation available. They allow candidates to familiarize themselves with the content and format of the examination and to practice useful examination techniques. Attractive colour visual material for Paper 5, the Speaking Test, is included with each test, enabling students to prepare thoroughly for the paired interview. The
Student's Book is also available as a 'with answers'
edition which contains a comprehensive section of answer
keys and recording transcripts, making it suitable for
self-study or for use by teachers. Check the availability and buy your books from our Bookshop. |
Recommended Texts
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New
Progress to Proficiency
Jones Proficiency This popular course combines systematic preparation for all five papers of the Proficiency exam with a fresh and lively approach. There are eighteen units containing clearly defined skills sections with a strong emphasis on vocabulary. The self-study edition comes with an answer key, explanations, model answers, and exam tips. Check the availability and buy your books from our Bookshop.
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Leadership
Communication Check the availability and buy your books from our Bookshop. |
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Business English for the 21st Century, 4th edition By Patricia T. Ellison, Ph.D., Luther Seminary, Minneapolis Check the availability and buy your books from our Bookshop. |
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English for Careers: Business, Professional and Technical, 9th edition by Leila R. Smith Word Power: Enlarge Your Business Vocabulary Weather or Knot: Choose the Right Words
Ain't Is in the Dictionary: Learn Dictionary Smarts
Grammar for Grownups: Identify the Tools of the Trade
Apples, Tigers, and Swahili: Tell Who, Whom, or What with Nouns
Be Kind to Substitutes: Pronouns Substitute for Nouns
Looking for the Action? Then find the Verbs!
Words that Describe: Describe with Adjectives and Adverbs
The Taming of the Apostrophe: Avoid the Apostrophe Catastrophe
Secret Life of a Sentence Revealed: Say No to Blunders and Gaffes
The Pauses That Refresh: Use Commas, Exclamation Marks, Periods, Question Marks
Punctuation Potpourri: Use ! . ? , as well as (; : “ - -- ‘)
Getting Your Act Together: Write and Speak Clearly, Correctly, Logically, and Concisely
Check the availability and buy your books from our Bookshop. |
Resources
