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Rationale Learning Outcomes Teaching and Learning Resources Microcomputer Architecture and Programming C Programming Language Pascal Programming Language Assembly Programming Language How Do Computers Work? How Hardware and Software Work Together How to Build a Computer - Step by Step Video Guide   Related Workshops Foundation of IT and Computing Web Page Design and Internet   Learner Support Career Direction Graduate Services International Student Services Study Abroad Management of Learning Online Libraries Study Skills   Recommended Texts Resources Online Computer Library Centre   Assignments, Assessments Assessment Regulations   Learning Centres Economics Centre Education, Staff Development and Teacher Training Centre Entrepreneur Centre Financial Centre Foundation Study Centre Higher Qualifications Centre HR Centre IT Centre Language Centre Management and Leadership Development Centre Management Centre Marketing Centre MBA Centre Postgraduate Centre Research Centre Undergraduate Centre

 

Microcomputer Architecture

 

Rationale

A computer is a machine for manipulating data according to a list of instructions, or program.

The ability to store and execute stored programs—that is, programmability—makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: Any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks so long as time and storage capacity are not considerations.

 

 

Computers take numerous physical forms. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers. ^[1] Today, computers can be made small enough to fit into a wrist watch and powered from a watch battery. However, large-scale computing facilities still exist for specialized scientific computation and for the transaction processing requirements of large organizations. Society has come to recognize personal computers and their portable equivalent, the laptop computer, as icons of the information age; they are what most people think of as "a computer". However, the most common form of computer in use today is by far the embedded computer. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are often used to control other devices—for example, they are used to control machines from fighter aircraft to industrial robots, digital cameras, and even children's toys.

• Computability theory
• Computer science
• Computing
• Computers in fiction
• Computer security and Computer insecurity
• List of computer term etymologies
• Virtualization

 

 

Learning Outcomes

This is a non-taught unit designed for self-directed study by those intending to enhance their professional or managerial competence, knowledge, understanding, and skills in IT and computing.

Knowledge

After successful completion of this course the student will understand

• microcomputer architecture
• several programming languages
• procedures used in PC assembly
• how computer hardware communicates with system software

 

Skills

After successful completion of this course the student will be able to

• use the techniques and tools to build and configure a computer system
• assemble, configure, troubleshoot and maintain a PC

 

 

Today's Videos

• Connect with us on http://www.youtube.com/finntrack
• Google's Playlists

 

Teaching and Learning Resources

• Learning Environment
• Learning Contents
• Teaching Strategies

 

 

Microcomputer Architecture and Programming

Tutorials

• Introduction to Microcomputers
• Microcomputer Architecture
  • How C Programming Works
  • Programming Tools
    • Compiling

 

Readings

C (pronounced as "see", like the letter C) is a general-purpose computer programming language developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system.^[4]

Although C was designed for implementing system software,^[5] it is also widely used for developing portable application software.

C is one of the most widely used programming languages of all time^[6][7] and there are very few computer architectures for which a C compiler does not exist. C has greatly influenced many other popular programming languages, most notably C++, which began as an extension to C.

 

Design Characteristics History Early developments K&R C ANSI C and ISO C C99 C11 Embedded C Uses Syntax Character set Keywords Operators Criticism "Hello, world" example Data types Pointers Arrays Array-pointer interchangeability Memory management Libraries Language tools Related languages   See also Comparison of Pascal and C Comparison of programming languages International Obfuscated C Code Contest List of C-based programming languages List of compilers Dennis Ritchie Notes References Further reading

 

External links

• C Programming and C++ Programming Tutorial
• Media related to C (programming language) at Wikimedia Commons
• ISO C Working Group official website
• comp.lang.c Frequently Asked Questions
• ISO/IEC 9899. Official C99 documents.
• ANSI C Standard (ANSI X3J11/88-090) (Published 13 May 1988), Third Public Review
• ANSI C Rationale (ANSI X3J11/88-151) (Published 18 November 1988)
• The current draft Standard (C99 with Technical corrigenda TC1, TC2, and TC3 included)PDF (3.61 MB)

 

 

Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968/9 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring.

A derivative known as Object Pascal designed for object-oriented programming was developed in 1985.

 

History Brief description Implementations Language constructs Hello world Data types Subrange types Set types Type declarations File type Pointer types Control structures Procedures and functions Semicolons as statement separators Resources Compilers and interpreters Standards Divisions List of related standards Reception Criticism Reactions

Structured Programming

 

See also

• Alphabetical list of programming languages
• ALGOL
• Ada (programming language)
• Comparison of Pascal and Borland Delphi
• Embarcadero Delphi
• Lazarus (software)
• Modula
• Oberon (programming language)
• Object Pascal
• IP Pascal
• Oxygene (programming language)
• Concurrent Pascal
• Comparison of Pascal and C
• C (programming language)
• Comparison of Pascal IDEs
• Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal
• Further reading
• References

 

 

External links

• Learn Pascal Programming Tutorial Lesson 1 - Introduction to Pascal
• The Pascal Programming Language
• Standard Pascal – Resources and history of original, standard Pascal

 

 

An assembly language is a low-level programming language for computers, microprocessors, microcontrollers, and other programmable devices in which each statement corresponds to a single machine language instruction. An assembly language is specific to a certain computer architecture, in contrast to most high-level programming languages, which may be more portable.

 

 

Assembly language allows the programmer to use symbolic representation for machine operation codes (usually called mnemonics), memory locations, registers and other parts of an instruction.

A utility program called an assembler is used to translate assembly language statements into the target computer's machine code.

In normal professional usage, the term assembler is used to refer both to an assembly language, and to software which assembles an assembly-language program. Thus: "CP/CMS was written in S/360 assembler" as well as "ASM-H was a widely-used S/370 assembler."

Many assemblers offer additional mechanisms to facilitate program development, control the assembly process, and aid debugging. Assemblers often include a macro facility (described below), and are called macro assemblers.

 

 

• Key concepts
  • Assembler
    • Number of passes
    • High-level assemblers
  • Assembly language
• Language design
  • Basic elements
    • Opcode mnemonics and extended mnemonics
    • Data sections
    • Assembly directives
  • Macros
  • Support for structured programming
• Use of assembly language
  • Historical perspective
  • Current usage
  • Typical applications
• Related terminology
• List of assemblers for different computer architectures
• Further details
• Example listing of assembly language source code

 

See also

• Compiler
• Disassembler
• Instruction set
• Little man computer – an educational computer model with a base-10 assembly language
• Microassembler
• Typed assembly language
• References
• Further reading

 

External links

• Assembly Programming Tutorial
• Machine language for beginners
• The ASM Community, a programming resource about assembly.
• Unix Assembly Language Programming
• IBM High Level Assembler IBM manuals on mainframe assembler language.
• PPR: Learning Assembly Language
• An Introduction to Writing 32-bit Applications Using the x86 Assembly Language
• Assembly Language Programming Examples
• Authoring Windows Applications In Assembly Language
• Information on Linux assembly programming
• Iczelion's Win32 Assembly Tutorial
• Assembly Optimization Tips by Mark Larson
• NASM Manual
• Z80/Z180/8085 Assembler

 

 

How Do Computers Work

How Do Computers Work?

 

 

How Hardware and Software Work Together

 

 

How does computer software and hardware work together? This is kind of a complex question. I think the most important thing connecting software and hardware would probably be the register. Commands or services requested by the software are encoded into binary values of   0’s and 1’s and are written into a register. For example, some register may hold a value of "01101100". This encoding has a total of 8 bits. Each value of either   0 or   1 is called a bit, and 8 bits are called a byte. At the hardware level, the computer hardware does not see these 0’s and 1’s as numbers, but as voltage levels. For example, a high voltage of   3 volts may represent a 1 and a low voltage of near 0 volts may represent a 0. These high and low voltages are fed into a series of ogic gates which then, through the correct logic design, will go about with producing the results needed by that particular software command. For example, if the software is requesting a calculation, the hardware logic gates may

 

Read More ...

 

Hardware

• How AGP Works
• How Cable Modems Work
• How IDE Controllers Work
  

The hard drive and circuit board combination that typify IDE devices

 

• How Hard Disks Work
  • How Removable Storage Works
• How Floppy Disk Drives Work
• How CDs Work
  • How CD Burners Work
• How Microcontrollers Work
  
• How Computer Memory Works
  
  • Memory Basics
  • How RAM Works
  • How ROM Works
  • How Sound Cards Work

 

Peripherals

• How PCI Works
• How SCSI Works

 

SCSI devices usually connect to a controller card like this one.

• How Laser Printers Work
• How USB Ports Work
• How Scanners Work
• How Tape Recorders Work
• How Webcams Work

 

Software:

• How Bits and Bytes Work
• How E-mail Works

• How Screensavers Work
• How Video Editing Works

   

Electricity and Power

• How PC Power Supplies Work
  • Switcher Technology
  • Power Supply Standardization
  • Power Supply Wattage
  • Power Supply Problems
  • Power Supply Improvements
    
    

Components on the Motherboard

• How Motherboards Work
  • Background
    • On the Motherboard
    • How BIOS Works
    • How Microprocessors Work
    • How Operating Systems Work
    • Data Bus Width
    • Chipsets
    • Fans

 

PC Assembly

 

 

• PC Assembly(PowerPoint Full Version)
  • Hardware required
  • Assembling your PC

 

How to install a Motherboard
How to install a Processor - CPU
How to install a Memory - SDRAM
How to install a Hard Disk Drive 1
How to install a Hard Disk Drive 2
How to install a Floppy Disk Drive 1
How to install CD / DVD ROM
How to install a CD Writer, CD-RW
How to install a Graphics Card
How to install a Sound Card
How to install a Modem
How to install a TV Card
Finalizing stage
Troubleshooting
Hardware Software Award BIOS/CMOS Setup Hard Disk Setup - Partition and Format Installing Windows XP Professional Installing Windows 7   Beginner’s Guide to Data Recovery

Readings

• Articles
• Tutorials

 

Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Introductory
by Jean Andrews
ISBN: 0-619-18616-X / 061918616X
Title: Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your Pc, Introductory
Author: Jean Andrews
Publisher: Course Technology Ptr
Edition: Softcover

• Building your own PC
  • Building Your Own PC: A Newbie’s Guide
  • How to Build a PC - Introduction
    • Articles
  • Build Your Own PC
    

 

 

Recommended Texts

 

Microcomputer Architecture and Programming: The 68000 Family John F. Wakerly ISBN: 0-471-85319-4 Hardcover 784 pages January 1989 Check the availability and buy your books from our Bookshop.

 

 

Fundamentals of Digital Logic and Microcomputer Design Published Online: 29 Jun 2005 Author(s): M. Rafiquzzaman Print ISBN: 9780471727842    Online ISBN: 9780471733522 DOI: 10.1002/0471733520 Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Check the availability and buy your books from our Bookshop.

 

Resources

 

 

 

 

Handout

 

How Cloud Computing Works

 

Fundamentals of Digital Logic and Microcomputer Design

Frontmatter (p i-xviii)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551406/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551406/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "1249"); PDF (Size: 1249K)

Chapter 1:
Introduction to Digital Systems (p 1-21)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551395/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551395/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "2736"); PDF (Size: 2736K)

Chapter 2:
Number Systems and Codes (p 23-52)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551396/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551396/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "2717"); PDF (Size: 2717K)

Chapter 3:
Boolean Algebra and Digital Logic Gates (p 53-97)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551397/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551397/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "3200"); PDF (Size: 3200K)

Chapter 4:
Combinational Logic Design (p 99-133)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551398/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551398/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "2861"); PDF (Size: 2861K)

Chapter 5:
Sequential Logic Design (p 135-184)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551399/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551399/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "3509"); PDF (Size: 3509K)

Chapter 6:
Microcomputer Architecture, Programming, and System Design Concepts (p 185-235)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551400/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551400/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "4254"); PDF (Size: 4254K)

Chapter 7:
Design of Computer Instruction Set and The CPU (p 237-298)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551401/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551401/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "3994"); PDF (Size: 3994K)

Chapter 8:
Memory, I/O, and Parallel Processing (p 299-365)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551402/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551402/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "4974"); PDF (Size: 4974K)

Chapter 9:
Intel 8086 (p 367-456)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551403/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551403/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "6016"); PDF (Size: 6016K)

Chapter 10:
Motorola MC68000 (p 457-542)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551404/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551404/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "5718"); PDF (Size: 5718K)

Chapter 11:
Intel and Motorola 32- & 64-Bit Microprocessors (p 543-625)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551405/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551405/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "6156"); PDF (Size: 6156K)

Appendix A: Answers to Selected Problems (p 627-632)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551381/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551381/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "1601"); PDF (Size: 1601K)

Appendix B: Glossary (p 633-648)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551382/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551382/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "1951"); PDF (Size: 1951K)

Appendix C: Motorola 68000 and Support Chips (p 649-660)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551383/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551383/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "1992"); PDF (Size: 1992K)

Appendix D: 68000 Execution Times (p 661-669)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551384/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551384/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "1256"); PDF (Size: 1256K)

Appendix E: Intel 8086 and Support Chips (p 671-675)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551385/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551385/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "1614"); PDF (Size: 1614K)

Appendix F: 8086 Instruction Set Reference Data (p 677-694)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551386/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551386/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "1822"); PDF (Size: 1822K)

Appendix G: 68000 Instruction Set (p 695-699)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551387/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551387/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "1423"); PDF (Size: 1423K)

Appendix H: 8086 Instruction Set (p 701-711)
M. Rafiquzzaman
get_link("/summary/110551388/SUMMARY", "Summary"); Summary  |  Full Text: get_pdf_link("/booktext/110551388/BOOKPDFSTART", "PDF", "1994"); PDF (Size: 1994K)

 

 

 

 

OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC) is "a nonprofit, membership, computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the world’s information and reducing information costs".^[2] Founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world.

• History
• Services
• Online database
• Regional service providers
• Company acquisitions

 

See also

• Dublin Core
• Public library advocacy
• History of public library advocacy
• References

 

External links

• Official website
• WorldCat
• Open WorldCat Program
• Netlibrary.org homepage
• Works by or about OCLC in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

 

 

 

 

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