Contents
Check
the availability and buy your books from our Bookshop.
Contact
us here
Online
Business School is now open for
online and in-class teaching and Learning,
Business/Management and Research curriculum
and learning contents subscriptions, and
available to International Business Schools,
Universities, Management Development and
Training Centres and their Students and Staff
throughout the world.
Teaching
and Research Skills Teaching
Guides only
- Content
and Language Integrated Learning
- Educational
Leadership and Planning for Technology
- Educational
Research
- Open
and Distance Learning Tutorials
- Psychology
Applied to Teaching
- Student
Motivation and Active Leaning
- Teacher
Training
- Teacher's
Page for Business Studies
- Teacher's
Page for Modern Languages
- Teaching
Careers
- Task-based
language learning (TBLL)
For
further information see also
The
Bookshop,
selling textbooks, DVDs, computers, software,
etc., in cooperation with Amazon is ready
for business now.
Today's
Videos Playlist |
Principles
of Business Taxation
Rationale
Teaching
and Learning Resources
Related
Workshops
Case
Studies
Learner
Support
Recommended
Texts
Resources
Learning
Centres
|
Learning
Guide
Rationale
A tax is
a financial charge or other levy imposed
on an individual or a legal
entity by a state or
a functional equivalent of a state (for example, secessionist movements
or revolutionary movements).
Taxes are also imposed by many subnational
entities . Taxes consist of direct
tax or indirect
tax , and may be paid in money or
as its labour equivalent (often but not always unpaid).
A tax may be defined as a "pecuniary burden laid upon
individuals or property to support the government [.]
a payment exacted by legislative authority." [1] A
tax "is not a voluntary payment or donation, but an enforced
contribution, exacted pursuant to legislative authority" and
is
"any contribution imposed by government [.] whether under
the name of toll, tribute, tallage, gabel, impost, duty,
custom, excise, subsidy, aid, supply, or other name." [1]
In
modern taxation systems, taxes are levied in money, but
in-kind and corvée taxation are characteristic
of traditional or pre-capitalist states and their functional
equivalents. The method of taxation and the government
expenditure of taxes raised is often highly debated in politics and economics .
Tax collection is performed by a government agency such
as Canada
Revenue Agency , the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS) in the United
States , or Her
Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) in the UK .
When taxes are not fully paid, civil penalties (such
as fines or forfeiture )
or criminal penalties (such as incarceration ) [2] may
be imposed on the non-paying entity or individual.
Today's
Videos
Teaching
and Learning Resources
Click
on titles
PART
I: CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE TAX LAW
Tutorials
Readings
Modern Principles of Taxation
The analysis of classical theories allows the formulation of principles that represent the qualities and tendencies of the modern taxation system. They are: The rational combination of direct and indirect taxes, which implies the utilization of various types of taxes, taking into consideration both the wealth and the income of the taxpayer. In periods of economic crisis it is better to have many sources of budget revenue with a relatively low rate and a large taxation basis then to have 1-2 types of income with high deduction rates.
The universalization of taxation which implies equivalent efficiency requirements to all payers and an equivalent approach to the deduction of the tax amount irrespective of the income source, type of activity, or economic sector. It is not acceptable to introduce additional taxes, increased and differentiated rates, or tax allowances for different types of ownership, organizational or juridical structure of the entity, citizenship of natural persons or other factors. In addition, taxes should not be established or applied on basis of political, economic, and ethnic factors, or other criteria of this type.
Read more ...
Tax
law is the codified system of laws that
describes government levies
on economic transactions,
commonly called taxes.
PART
II: GROSS INCOMETutorials
Readings
 |
- Start
with wages providing the basis for your gross
income
- Taxes
are paid from your gross income, leaving net
income.
- Expenses
are paid from your net income, leaving money
for savings.
- Savings
are used to make investments.
- Over
time, investments produce a financial return
to add to income.
- Barring
disruptions or imbalances in any of these elements,
things run smoothly.
|
PART
III: DEDUCTIONSTutorials
ReadingsTax
deductible expenses I
am in full time employment and pay 40% tax. Last year
I also did some weekend jobs, where I paid the basic
rate of tax. What expenses can I show on my tax return
to reduce the burden?
PART IV: PROPERTY TRANSACTIONSTutorials
Readings
PART V: INCOME TAX ENTITIESTutorials
Readings
An income
tax is a tax levied
on the financial income of
persons, corporations, or other legal entities. Various
income tax systems exist, with varying degrees of tax
incidence . Income taxation can be progressive , proportional ,
or regressive .
When the tax is levied on the income of companies,
it is often called a corporate
tax , corporate income tax, or profit tax. Individual
income taxes often tax the total income of the individual
(with some deductions permitted), while corporate income
taxes often tax net income (the difference between
gross receipts, expenses, and additional write-offs).
PART
VI: TAX RESEARCH
Tutorials
Readings
 |
Introduction
to the Research Guide
Researching
federal income tax law involves a variety of
sources and there are several approaches that
can be used. Legal Research by tax practitioners
should involve becoming familiar with the Internal
Revenue Code or at least comfortable finding
the relevant code sections. After finding the
appropriate code section it is important to
find the corresponding treasury regulation
for further guidance. Case law can interpret
difficult to understand code sections. Administrative
decisions can also be helpful but vary with
respect to authority depending on the type
of document. Documents that are intended for
release to the public such as Revenue Rulings
or Revenue Procedures are usually binding whereas
documents that are released because of the
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) are non authoritative.
|
Recommended
Texts
Resources
|
